Written by Tech. Sgt. Jason Lake 321st Air Expeditionary Wing
Saturday, February 26, 2011 BAGHDAD — As U.S. forces continue to draw down to meet the Dec. 31 deadline, Air Force air traffic control advisors have their eyes fixed on the skies over Iraq.
Maj. Rudolf Kuehne and Capt. Maureen Trujillo, senior ATC advisors for Iraq Training and Advisory Mission - Air, are tasked with ensuring their Iraqi Air Force partners are trained and equipped to gradually take over the ATC towers at key bases throughout the country in the coming months.
Kenneth Chappell, team lead contractor for Iraq Training and Advisory Mission–Air's air traffic control tower training, directs traffic on the airfield with the help of Iraqi air force trainees Feb. 3. (U.S. Air Force photo by Tech. Sgt. Jason Lake.)
"Our goal is to certify and license 24 controllers to conduct tower operations at five locations by the time we leave," explained Captain Trujillo, deployed here from Dyess Air Force Base, Texas.
The ATC training program, which first started in 2006, mirrors the U.S. Air Force ATC training program developed by Air Education and Training Command at Randolph AFB, Texas. The IqAF program currently has 55 officers in the training pipeline at Kirkuk, Ali and Taji airfields. Of those officers, 15 have been certified and six have been licensed by the Iraqi Civil Aviation Authority -- the equivalent to the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States.
"The licensing of military controllers is the first ever in the country," explained Major Kuehne, who recently returned from a site visit to Kirkuk and Ali airfields Feb. 11. "Under Saddam, civilian air traffic controllers were the only licensed controllers, but now we're trying to get everyone on the same level so they all know and follow the same rules."
On the front lines of the training effort are four veteran U.S. Air Force air traffic controllers who serve as training program managers, as well as advisors to local IqAF leaders at the three airfields.
The senior ATC advisors also expanded the pool of contracted instructors who provided English tutoring as well as on-the-job training throughout the program.
"We more than doubled the number of contractors - from six to 15 - since last October," explained Maj. Kuehne, who is deployed from Whiteman Air Force Base, Mo.
For trainees, the long journey to become an air traffic control officer starts at the Defense Language Institutes at Taji or Tikrit, where they study basic English for up to a year - depending on personal learning curves. The trainees advance to Aviation English, which is the international aviation language, after scoring higher than 60 on their basic English aptitude test.
After more than 150 hours of Aviation English instruction, Iraqis move on to the nine-week long, 180-hour "Ab Initio," or air traffic control fundamentals, class where they learn about principles of flight, airfield markings, basic meteorology and air traffic communication skills.
The Iraqi trainees then put their skills to the test with simulated airfield operations during a five-week long, 120-hour Aerodrome course. The students at Kirkuk took it upon themselves to build a model airfield to add a third dimension of realism while learning about departure clearances, aircraft separation distances and more in-depth air traffic control instructions during aerodrome training.
Trainees then take an English proficiency test before starting on-the-job training inside the tower. After another 90 hours or more of OJT, trainees take their certification exam and prepare to get their license through the ICAA.
The training process is by no means easy - especially considering language differences and cultural considerations, as well as personal security risks and the occasional mortar attack on an airfield.
"The trainee's duty schedule and learning English are the most significant challenges we face," said Tech. Sgt. David Lusher, ATC advisor at Ali Air Base.
The 14-year air traffic control veteran deployed from Dyess AFB, Texas, explained how the IqAF work schedule revolves around "mu-jas," or paid leave, which typically ranges from one to two weeks depending on the local IqAF commander's policy. Sergeant Lusher and other advisors said the long break between technical training prolongs the learning curve for most students and, in limited cases, impacts their career progression.
"Just like in the ATC program in the United States, this job is not for everyone," Major Kuehne explained. "There are people out here who are motivated to do the job, and there are some who are not. The ones who make it through can be proud because they did a lot of work, and they did it by themselves."
Around bases like Kirkuk, ATC students are held in high regard by the Iraqi pilots who are learning to fly various fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft.
"With the success we've had here, Iraqi pilots like to hear our Iraqi students in the tower," explained Master Sgt. Jenny Tibi, who is deployed from Cannon AFB, N.M., and serves as the ATC advisor for more than a dozen students at Kirkuk.
Master Sgt. Jerry McBride Jr., ATC advisor at one of the program's busiest towers, Taji, said his students get plenty of training with a monthly average of 25,000 operations that includes arrivals, departures, over flights and training flights. The master sergeant deployed from Keesler AFB, Miss., said his IqAF students also get a sample of joint operations working with U.S. Army Soldiers and Iraqi Army Aviation Command officials.
At Ali Air Base, U.S. Airmen and contractors, along with Iraqi air traffic controllers, handle 2,500 operations, 400 cargo tons and 2,500 passengers per month on a single runway. The base also recently reopened its second runway after a $5M reconstruction project to fix cracks and spalls created from mortar and rocket attacks.
"The operations here run very smooth because of the teamwork between ITAM-Air, contractors and the Iraqi Air Force trainees," said Master Sgt. Bryan Herrington, Ali's chief air traffic controller deployed from Kadena AB, Japan. As a collective team, we all strive for the same goal of ensuring Iraqi sovereignty while providing quality air traffic control services to our customers."
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